Media antarabangsa AFP memahami Iran dalam 5 perkara

IRAN sebuah negara yang luas dan berbilang etnik serta majoriti Muslim, telah ditadbir oleh sistem kerohanian sejak revolusi 1979 yang menyingkirkan monarki.

AFP meletakkan lima perkara utama untuk memahami Republik Islam ini:

1. Kepelbagaian etnik

Iran mempunyai lebih 85 juta penduduk, dengan tiga perempat daripada mereka menetap di kawasan bandar. Teheran, ibu kota, menempatkan kira-kira 10 juta orang, manakala bandar utama lain termasuk Mashhad dan Isfahan.

Bangsa Parsi membentuk majoriti, tetapi terdapat minoriti besar seperti Azerbaijan, Lur, Kurdi, Arab, Baloch dan Turkmen. Dari segi bahasa, Parsi adalah bahasa rasmi dan lingua franca, manakala Azeri, Luri, Kurdi, Gilaki, Balochi dan Arab juga banyak digunakan.

2. Majoriti Muslim

Lebih 90% rakyat Iran menganut Islam Syiah, menjadikan Iran negara majoriti Syiah terbesar di dunia. Sunni kebanyakannya tinggal di wilayah sempadan.

Minoriti agama yang diiktiraf termasuk Kristian, Yahudi dan Zoroaster, manakala komuniti Bahai tidak mendapat pengiktirafan rasmi.

3. Kuasa minyak dan gas

Iran memiliki kira-kira 10 peratus rizab minyak global dan 15 peratus rizab gas asli dunia. Sektor tenaga menyumbang sehingga 30 peratus KDNK dan mendominasi pendapatan eksport serta hasil negara.

Iran adalah anggota OPEC, tetapi juga mempunyai asas industri yang pelbagai, termasuk petrokimia, keluli, simen, pembuatan automotif, perlombongan, pertanian dan pemprosesan makanan. Namun, sekatan, ketidakstabilan mata wang dan ketidakcekapan struktur telah menjejaskan pertumbuhan ekonomi baru-baru ini.

4. Geografi strategik

Negara ini menghubungkan Asia Barat, Asia Tengah dan Asia Selatan, serta berkongsi sempadan dengan Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Pakistan, Turki dan Turkmenistan.

Menguasai pantai utara Selat Hormuz, Iran memainkan peranan penting dalam keselamatan tenaga global. Pantai Laut Kaspia penting untuk perikanan, laluan perdagangan dan sumber tenaga luar pesisir. Secara sejarah, Iran merupakan persimpangan perdagangan dan empayar, tetapi laluan melalui negara ini kini sering dielakkan akibat sekatan antarabangsa.

5. Tadbir urus Republik Islam

Sejak revolusi 1979, Iran menggabungkan institusi republik dengan pengawasan kerohanian. Pemimpin Tertinggi, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, mempunyai kuasa mutlak ke atas tentera, badan kehakiman, media negara, badan kehakiman, media negara, badan ketenteraan utama dan dasar-dasar utama.

Presiden, yang dipilih setiap empat tahun, mengetuai cabang eksekutif tetapi calon mesti mendapat kelulusan Majlis Penjaga yang tidak dipilih, yang juga menyemak undang-undang yang diluluskan oleh Parlimen.


Adaptasi dari sebuah artikel terbitan akhbar Sinar Harian semalam.

End©Permadu

Kunjungi blog Permadu Malaysia di permadumalaysia.blogspot.com

Oleh Fauzi Kadir
Ketua Pengarang

Penolong Pengarang
Kwai Fong Chin 


Suntingan terakhir dan dibawa kepada anda oleh
Fauzi Kadir KETUA PENGARANG

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